{"id":47569,"date":"2018-02-08T17:25:27","date_gmt":"2018-02-09T01:25:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.allclassical.org\/?p=47569"},"modified":"2018-02-08T17:25:44","modified_gmt":"2018-02-09T01:25:44","slug":"the-canvas-of-silence","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.allclassical.org\/the-canvas-of-silence\/","title":{"rendered":"The Canvas of Silence"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Here at\u00a0All\u00a0Classical\u00a0Portland,\u00a0we have our own\u00a0library of CDs which we\u00a0draw from to use in\u00a0our day-to-day\u00a0radio\u00a0programming.\u00a0However,\u00a0rather than playing these CDs directly on the radio,\u00a0volunteers\u00a0first\u00a0burn\u00a0each CD\u00a0into our hard drives, where\u00a0we\u00a0can use them on-air\u00a0 in\u00a0the\u00a0form of\u00a0<b>.wav<\/b>\u00a0files.\u00a0One of my current tasks as an intern is to edit\u00a0<b>.wav<\/b>\u00a0files\u00a0of pieces\u00a0that have been burned into the\u00a0computer\u00a0but\u00a0are still not quite ready\u00a0for air play.\u202fUsing\u00a0a\u00a0music editing software, I\u00a0listen to each piece and\u00a0edit the amount of silence that occurs before a piece starts, after it ends, and between movements of pieces like concertos and symphonies.\u00a0This task is important because t<span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">here are\u00a0often\u00a0up to\u00a0four or\u00a0five seconds of silence before sound starts on a CD\u00a0track.\u00a0<\/span>I edit each piece to begin with just the right amount of pause\u00a0for the radio host to press play after\u00a0announcing the piece, and set\u00a0the\u00a0stage for the start of the\u00a0music.<\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Measuring the moments of silence that bookend a piece\u00a0got me thinking about the\u00a0crucial\u00a0role that silence plays in our experience of listening to classical music.\u202fMusic, of course, is made up of sounds, but it is also characterized by the silences that happen\u00a0<i>between<\/i>\u00a0the sounds.\u00a0The silence that takes place\u202fwithin\u202fa piece of music\u00a0can create profound effects \u2013 effects of\u202fsurprise, humor, fear, or a sense of expanded time and space. Sometimes these moments of silence are tiny, even unnoticeable to a listener. Other times, they can interrupt the flow of music and shock a listener into a new level of awareness.\u202fThroughout\u00a0the history\u00a0of classical music, many composers have realized that\u00a0<i>silence<\/i>\u00a0can be just as expressive as sound, holding different philosophies towards\u00a0their use of\u00a0silence\u00a0as a tool to create different effects\u00a0on the listener. Let\u2019s explore some of those effects here.\u00a0\u00a0<span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Silence as Surprise:\u00a0<\/b><b>Joseph Haydn, String Quartet Op. 33 No. 2, &#8220;The Joke,&#8221; IV. Presto<\/b><b>\u00a0(1781)<\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Ariel Quartet - Haydn: Quartet in E-flat major, Op. 33 No. 2, &quot;Joke&quot;\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/iZo9FoajL4A?start=960&#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Haydn&#8217;s music is filled with humor and wit, and one of his common\u00a0tricks\u00a0is to\u00a0manipulate silence in his pieces, which deliberately thwarts listeners\u2019 expectations of what will happen next within his otherwise predictable and\u00a0logically organized forms. One of Haydn&#8217;s more famous uses of silences occurs at the end of his second opus 33\u00a0string quartet, nicknamed &#8220;the Joke.&#8221;\u00a0\u00a0<span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>The final movement, &#8220;Presto,&#8221; has\u00a0a rondo form, containing a recurring\u00a0main melody that alternates with contrasting themes. Haydn&#8217;s main melody is a buoyant tune\u00a0comprised\u00a0of four two-measure phrases. After several variations on the theme and a slower Adagio passage, Haydn starts up the theme\u00a0again\u00a0in its original form to close out the piece. This is where the &#8220;joke&#8221; of the piece happens \u2013 Haydn now splits up the tune into its four smaller components, with a two-bar rest between each one. When the melody finally ends, the piece appears to be over. Unsuspecting audience members might\u00a0start to applaud, only to stop in\u00a0confusion\u00a0when the music starts back up again\u00a0after a four-measure rest.\u00a0The quartet plays the first half of the melody, but fails to finish out the phrase, leaving the audience hanging in\u00a0suspense.\u00a0As an uncertain and awkwardly hilarious silence fills the hall, the audience breathes out in relief and laughter as the quartet finally sets their bows down.\u00a0\u00a0<span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>Silence as Release: Samuel Barber\u2019s<\/b><b><i>\u00a0Adagio for Strings<\/i><\/b><b>\u00a0<\/b><b>(1936)<\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"BARBER Adagio for Strings\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/N3MHeNt6Yjs?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>In contrast to the Haydn example above, silence can also be used for the opposite effect, creating a moment of space, relieving the audience\u00a0and releasing tension built up after sound has said all it can possibly say.\u00a0One example of silence as an act of release can be found in Samuel Barber&#8217;s\u00a0<i>Adagio for Strings<\/i>, which was originally composed as an Adagio movement in his String Quartet, Op. 11.\u00a0The piece outlines an arc that travels from hushed sadness to intense grieving, and finally back to silence.\u00a0The entirety of the\u00a08-minute\u00a0work develops out of a stepwise melody stated at the start of the piece. The music\u00a0progressively builds in intensity via\u00a0denser textures, stronger dynamics, and ascending registers in the strings.\u00a0\u00a0<span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span>At one point, the intensity reaches such a level of agonized\u00a0pain that the strings appear unable to go any further, stuck on a note\u00a0in the melody that gets louder and louder until it is thrown off into\u00a0complete\u00a0silence,\u00a0creating\u00a0a climax\u00a0of emotional catharsis. (This moment happens at about 5:23-6:05\u00a0in the above recording by the Detroit Symphony\u00a0Orchestra, but I recommend\u00a0listening to the whole piece for the full effect). Echoes\u00a0of the climax note are left resonating in the empty space before the strings begin again in a quiet understatement, slowly dying away to the end of the piece with a new sense of peace and resignation.\u00a0One of\u00a0our\u00a0hosts here\u00a0at All\u00a0Classical Portland, Christa Wessel,\u00a0often\u00a0says on air that\u00a0classical music can serve as a &#8220;respite from the ruckus of the world.&#8221;\u00a0The\u00a0impact of this silence in\u00a0Barber&#8217;s\u00a0<i>Adagio for\u00a0<\/i><i>Strings<\/i>,\u00a0a\u00a0moment\u00a0to sigh and\u00a0catch one&#8217;s breath,\u00a0is\u00a0one of\u00a0those magical places\u00a0of\u00a0respite you can enter into that can never be explained completely by words.\u00a0\u00a0<span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>Silence as Interval:\u00a0<\/b><b>Toru\u202f<\/b><b>Takemitsu<\/b><b>\u2019s<\/b><b>\u00a0<\/b><b><i>The Dorian Horizon<\/i><\/b><b>\u00a0<\/b><b>(1966)<\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"T\u014dru Takemitsu: The Dorian Horizon (1966)\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/DuzFWIUAgjM?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>The silence in Barber&#8217;s\u00a0<i>Adagio for Strings<\/i>\u00a0serves as a turning point, marking a moment between the climax of the piece\u00a0the gradual descent to the end. This notion of silence as an interval between two events was key to the compositional technique of\u00a0Toru\u00a0Takemitsu\u00a0(1930-1996),\u00a0a Japanese composer\u00a0known for his works which synthesized\u00a0Western classical forms and experimental 20<span data-fontsize=\"11\">th<\/span>\u00a0century techniques with\u00a0traditional Eastern sounds and instruments.\u00a0<span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Takemitsu\u00a0was skilled in subtlety manipulating orchestral colors\u00a0using unusual percussion, electronics,\u00a0spatial arrangements of instruments,\u00a0and silence, imbuing music with a\u00a0sensuality\u00a0he believed it had lost.\u00a0Takemitsu&#8217;s\u00a0use of silence in particular was heavily\u00a0informed by the Japanese aesthetic of\u00a0<i>ma<\/i>.\u00a0<i>Ma<\/i>\u00a0is an everyday word from the Japanese language that incorporates various meaning of space and time \u2013 the space between two structural parts, the gap between two events in time.\u00a0<i>Ma<\/i>\u00a0is a type of emptiness, an interval of\u00a0in-between, or a\u00a0negative space.\u00a0<i>Ma<\/i>\u00a0can be seen in various aspects of Japanese culture, such as the\u00a0deliberate pause at the end of a bow\u00a0before\u00a0coming back up, or the honoring of\u00a0pauses\u00a0and silence\u00a0in\u00a0conversation.\u00a0<i>Ma<\/i>\u00a0is\u00a0a\u00a0core concept underlying Japanese art forms, including architecture, gardens,\u00a0sumi-e brush painting, and Noh theater. For music,\u00a0<i>Ma<\/i>\u00a0is the silence between all\u00a0notes.\u00a0\u00a0<span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>The empty space of\u00a0<i>ma<\/i>\u00a0is not a void, but an energy filled with possibility. This sense of possibility can be heard in the silences\u00a0of\u00a0Takemitsu&#8217;s\u00a01966\u00a0piece\u00a0<i>The Dorian Horizon.\u00a0The Dorian Horizon<\/i>\u00a0is a\u00a0collage of varying orchestral\u00a0textures,\u00a0some\u00a0dissonant and grating,\u00a0some soft and gentle.\u00a0Each sound\u00a0event\u00a0is separated in space and time by intervals of silence or near silence. Sometimes this silence is absolute, creating a sense of space and sparseness. Other times, the silence is colored with deep\u00a0ominous\u00a0drones in the cello and bass, creating an atmosphere of claustrophobia and\u00a0unease.\u00a0In his own writings,\u00a0Takemitsu\u00a0defined\u00a0<i>ma<\/i>\u00a0as &#8220;the powerful silence.&#8221; Throughout<i>\u00a0<\/i><i>The<\/i><i>\u00a0Dorian Horizon<\/i>, it is the silences from which the events of sound arise, more than harmony or form, that\u00a0create a sense of\u00a0tension and resolution.\u00a0<span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Silence as Sound: John Cage\u2019s<\/b><b>\u00a0<\/b><b>4<\/b><b>&#8217;33<\/b><b>&#8220;<\/b><b>\u00a0(1952)<\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"John Cage: 4&#039;33&quot;\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/rDgHUj8sJaQ?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Early on in\u00a0Takemitsu&#8217;s\u00a0career as\u00a0a composer,\u00a0he\u00a0was\u00a0preoccupied with\u00a0absorbing\u00a0Western European orchestral music into his idiom. In his later years, however,\u00a0Takemitsu\u00a0found himself returning to experimentation with Japanese instruments and music styles. He credited this return in part to his contact with John Cage, who&#8217;s own artistic philosophy was greatly\u00a0influenced\u00a0by Japanese art and thought.\u00a0\u00a0<span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>One cannot discuss silence in music without addressing John Cage, who proposed the radical notion that\u00a0there is no such thing as silence.\u00a0Cage expressed his\u00a0artistic\u00a0philosophy\u00a0through\u00a0his compositions, but\u00a0also\u00a0through a series of essays and performative lectures\u00a0throughout his life which are summarized in his book\u00a0<i>Silence: Lectures and Writings<\/i>. As Cage describes in\u00a0<i>Silence<\/i>, artists have always wanted their work to mean something, to\u00a0<i>do<\/i>\u00a0something. Cage, rather, aspired to be meaningless through his work.\u00a0For Cage, that idea that art is useless and it expresses nothing\u00a0is the very\u00a0source of its\u00a0strength. He\u00a0declares in his &#8220;Lecture on Nothing,&#8221;\u00a0&#8220;I have nothing to say and I am saying it and that is poetry as I need\u00a0it.&#8221;\u00a0\u00a0<span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Silence, in a way, became Cage&#8217;s\u00a0symbol\u00a0of this profound\u00a0meaninglessness.\u00a0Arguably Cage&#8217;s most famous (or infamous) work is his\u00a0<i>4&#8217;33&#8221;<\/i>, a three-movement work composed in 1952<i>.\u00a04&#8217;33&#8221;<\/i>&#8216;s score consists of three blank pages. The\u00a0performer\u00a0is\u00a0instructed not to play their instrument throughout all\u00a0three movements, which are to be timed with a stopwatch. Such a concept may seem like a gimmick, but unlike Haydn&#8217;s motivations in his\u00a0<i>Op. 33<\/i>\u00a0quartet, Cage did not intend for\u00a0<i>4&#8217;33&#8221;<\/i>\u00a0to be treated as a joke.\u00a0<i>4&#8217;33&#8221;<\/i>\u00a0is a piece comprised entirely of silence \u2013 or is\u00a0it? Without any notes to latch onto, the listener starts to become aware of the sounds\u00a0in the environment\u00a0around them \u2013 the uncomfortable rustling of clothes, the ever-present hum of the air conditioning, the traffic outside,\u00a0even\u00a0the thoughts running through their\u00a0head.\u00a0\u00a0According\u00a0to\u00a0Cage-ian\u00a0scholar Kyle Gann,\u00a0<i>4&#8217;33&#8221;<\/i>\u00a0represents\u00a0\u201can act of\u00a0<i>framing<\/i>, of enclosing environmental and unintended sounds in a moment of attention in order to open the mind to the fact that all sounds are music.\u201d\u00a0And indeed, in\u00a0a\u00a0recollection\u00a0of the premiere, Cage describes:\u00a0\u201cYou could hear the wind stirring outside during the first movement. During the second, raindrops began pattering the roof, and during the third people themselves made all kinds of interesting sounds as they talked or walked out.\u201d\u00a0Through the conduit of silence,\u00a0Cage gave countless musicians and performers permission to go beyond the limitations of standard instrumentation and embrace all sounds as music.\u00a0\u00a0<span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><b>After the Last Note<\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-47572\" src=\"https:\/\/www.allclassical.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/Fermata-Definition1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"221\" height=\"228\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p>One of my favorite moments to experience in classical music concerts\u00a0is\u00a0witnessing the very\u00a0last note\u00a0of a piece.\u00a0As the final chord hangs in the air,\u00a0the reverberations gradually dissipate through the concert hall. In that moment before the applause, it is as if the entire audience is holding their breath together in suspense and awe. Each listener was taken on a different emotional journey while listening to the piece just played, but in this\u202fmoment\u202feveryone\u00a0has\u00a0arrived\u00a0in the same place. Then,\u00a0as the conductor\u00a0lowers\u00a0their baton,\u00a0there\u00a0is sudden exhale of relief.\u00a0The hall once again resonates with life; this time not with the tones of instruments, but\u00a0with\u00a0the\u00a0warm rush\u00a0of applause\u00a0and\u00a0elated\u00a0&#8220;bravos.&#8221;\u202f\u202f<span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Even though the radio is not quite the same as a live concert,\u00a0I feel that\u00a0the hosts at All Classical are also sensitive to this special moment after a piece ends.\u00a0When I edit\u00a0the length of silence at the end of a piece, it is my job to create a fade out with a generous six seconds of silence after the last note ends. This gives the radio host the freedom to let\u00a0the resonance of the last sounds and the emotional weight of the piece settle in with the listener before announcing the conclusion of the piece and moving on to the next track of the day&#8217;s program.\u00a0<span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>By\u00a0holding\u00a0that precious space of silence with their listeners before speaking again, an All Classical host\u00a0acts like\u00a0the conductor in a concert, holding the baton up in the air before lowering it as a signal of finality, welcoming in applause from the audience.\u202fWhile everyone listens and experiences the station in their own way,\u00a0I often personally feel\u00a0that\u00a0when listening to radio\u00a0I am\u00a0not truly listening alone.\u00a0Rather, I\u00a0am\u00a0listening\u00a0simultaneously\u00a0with thousands of other people\u202falso\u202ftuned into the station.\u202f\u202fMaybe\u202fthis is why\u202fwhen a piece ends on All Classical I get that same feeling of shared suspense and relief\u00a0as I\u00a0experience in\u00a0concerts.\u00a0<span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Tchaikovsky Symphony No.6 &quot;Pathetique&quot; Movement 4(IV. Finale. Adagio lamentoso - Andante)\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/BVkWCHgOxw8?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>In the concert hall, on the radio,\u00a0and in our daily lives, where does\u00a0the sound end, and when does the silence\u00a0begin?\u00a0Pyotr\u00a0Ilyich\u00a0Tchaikovsky died only nine days after the premiere of\u00a0his Sixth Symphony, the &#8220;Pathetique.&#8221;<b>*<\/b>\u00a0Like the man himself, the end of the final\u00a0movement\u00a0fades\u00a0away\u00a0into complete silence.\u00a0In the last few measures, the only sounds come from muted cellos and basses playing a low, deep B minor chord\u00a0and\u00a0sounding as if coming from\u00a0some distant, far-off place. In the last measure of the symphony, Tchaikovsky\u00a0places\u00a0a rest sign with a fermata\u00a0(a musical &#8220;pause&#8221;). The piece concludes in open-ended silence, merging in with the ambience of the concert hall and the energy of the audience members. When does the piece end, and when does life begin again? The conductor lowers their arms, but a heaviness remains.\u00a0<span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i>How do you experience silence in classical music? Let us know by emailing\u00a0<\/i><a href=\"mailto:intern@allclassical.org\"><i>intern@allclassical.org<\/i><\/a><i>.\u00a0<\/i><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><i>*<\/i><\/b><i>The Oregon Symphony will be performing Tchaikovsky&#8217;s Sixth Symphony, along with Prokofiev&#8217;s Piano Concerto No. 2 in Salem on Friday, February 9 at 8:0<\/i><i>0pm\u00a0<\/i><i>at the Smith Auditorium<\/i><i>\u00a0a<\/i><i>n<\/i><i>d\u00a0<\/i><i>in Portland on Saturday, Sunday, and Monday,<\/i><i>\u00a0<\/i><i>F<\/i><i>ebruary 10, 11, and 12 all at 7:30pm at the Arlene Schnitzer Concert Hall.\u00a0<\/i><i>Visit the\u00a0<\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/www.orsymphony.org\/concerts-tickets\/1718\/tchaikovsky-pathetique\/?performanceId=3476\"><i>OSO website<\/i><\/a><i>\u00a0for details and tickets<\/i><i>.\u00a0<\/i><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>References<span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li data-leveltext=\"%1.\" data-font=\"\" data-listid=\"1\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\">&#8220;Adagio for Strings.&#8221; The Kennedy Center. Web. Accessed 7 Feb\u00a02018.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.kennedy-center.org\/artist\/composition\/3215\">http:\/\/www.kennedy-center.org\/artist\/composition\/3215<\/a>\u00a0<span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"%1.\" data-font=\"\" data-listid=\"1\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\">Canning, Donna. &#8220;Ma.&#8221; Unique Japan. Web. Accessed 7 Feb 2018.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/new.uniquejapan.com\/ikebana\/ma\/\">http:\/\/new.uniquejapan.com\/ikebana\/ma\/<\/a>\u00a0<span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"%1.\" data-font=\"\" data-listid=\"1\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\">Davis, Ian.\u00a0&#8220;Loud Silence and Quiet Sound: The Illuminating Music of Toru\u00a0Takemitsu.&#8221; Flypaper. 20 Oct 2016. Web. Accessed 7 Feb\u00a02018.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/flypaper.soundfly.com\/discover\/loud-silence-quiet-sound-the-illuminating-music-of-toru-takemitsu\/\">https:\/\/flypaper.soundfly.com\/discover\/loud-silence-quiet-sound-the-illuminating-music-of-toru-takemitsu\/<\/a>\u00a0<span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"%1.\" data-font=\"\" data-listid=\"1\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\">Kaye, Colin. &#8220;Classical Connections: The Sound of Silence.&#8221; Pattaya mail. 23 Sept 2015. Web. Accessed 7 February 2018.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.pattayamail.com\/arts-entertainment\/classical-connections-the-sound-of-silence-51527\">http:\/\/www.pattayamail.com\/arts-entertainment\/classical-connections-the-sound-of-silence-51527<\/a>\u00a0<span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"%1.\" data-font=\"\" data-listid=\"1\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\">Reel, James. &#8220;Franz Joseph Haydn:\u00a0String Quartet No. 30 in E flat major (&#8220;Joke&#8221;), Op. 33\/2, H. 3\/38.&#8221; AllMusic.com. Web. Accessed 7 Feb\u00a02018.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.allmusic.com\/composition\/string-quartet-no-30-in-e-flat-major-joke-op-33-2-h-3-38-mc0002369852\">https:\/\/www.allmusic.com\/composition\/string-quartet-no-30-in-e-flat-major-joke-op-33-2-h-3-38-mc0002369852<\/a>\u00a0<span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"%1.\" data-font=\"\" data-listid=\"1\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\">Ross, Alex. \u201cSearching for Silence:\u202fJohn Cage\u2019s art of\u00a0noise.\u201d The New Yorker. 4 Oct 2010. Web. Accessed\u00a025 Jan 2018.\u00a0\u202f<a href=\"https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2010\/10\/04\/searching-for-silence\">https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2010\/10\/04\/searching-for-silence<\/a>\u202f\u202f<span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"%1.\" data-font=\"\" data-listid=\"1\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\">Ross, Alex. &#8220;Toward Silence: The intense repose of Toru\u00a0Takemitsu.&#8221; The New Yorker. 5 Feb 2007. Web. Accessed 7 Feb 2018.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2007\/02\/05\/toward-silence\">https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2007\/02\/05\/toward-silence<\/a>\u00a0<span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"%1.\" data-font=\"\" data-listid=\"1\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\">Swafford, Jan. &#8220;Silence Is Golden:\u202fHow a pause can be the most devastating effect in music.&#8221;\u00a0Slate.com. 31 Aug 2009. Web. Accessed 25 Jan 2018.\u00a0\u202f<a href=\"http:\/\/www.slate.com\/articles\/arts\/music_box\/2009\/08\/silence_is_golden.html\">http:\/\/www.slate.com\/articles\/arts\/music_box\/2009\/08\/silence_is_golden.html<\/a>\u202f\u202f<span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"%1.\" data-font=\"\" data-listid=\"1\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\">&#8220;The most crushing, perfectly placed silences in classical music.&#8221;\u00a0Classic FM. 15 Jan 2016.\u00a0Web.\u00a0Accessed 25 Jan 2018.\u00a0\u202f<a href=\"http:\/\/www.classicfm.com\/discover-music\/latest\/best-silences-in-music\/\">http:\/\/www.classicfm.com\/discover-music\/latest\/best-silences-in-music\/<\/a>\u202f\u202f<span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"%1.\" data-font=\"\" data-listid=\"1\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\">&#8220;Toru\u00a0Takemitsu.&#8221;\u00a0Encyclopaedia\u00a0Britannica. Web. Accessed 7 Feb\u00a02018.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Takemitsu-Toru\">https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Takemitsu-Toru<\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Here at\u00a0All\u00a0Classical\u00a0Portland,\u00a0we have our own\u00a0library of CDs which we\u00a0draw from to use in\u00a0our day-to-day\u00a0radio\u00a0programming.\u00a0However,\u00a0rather than playing these CDs directly on the radio,\u00a0volunteers\u00a0first\u00a0burn\u00a0each CD\u00a0into our hard drives, where\u00a0we\u00a0can use them on-air\u00a0 in\u00a0the\u00a0form of\u00a0.wav\u00a0files.\u00a0One of my current tasks as an intern is to edit\u00a0.wav\u00a0files\u00a0of pieces\u00a0that have been burned into the\u00a0computer\u00a0but\u00a0are still not quite ready\u00a0for air play.\u202fUsing\u00a0a\u00a0music editing &#8230; <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":104,"featured_media":47571,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-47569","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"acf":[],"publishpress_future_action":{"enabled":false,"date":"2025-12-01 11:45:08","action":"change-status","newStatus":"draft","terms":[],"taxonomy":"category","extraData":[]},"publishpress_future_workflow_manual_trigger":{"enabledWorkflows":[]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.allclassical.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/47569","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.allclassical.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.allclassical.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.allclassical.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/104"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.allclassical.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=47569"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.allclassical.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/47569\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.allclassical.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/47571"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.allclassical.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=47569"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.allclassical.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=47569"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.allclassical.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=47569"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}